Analysing The Sustainability Of The London Olympics Environmental Sciences Essay

Investigating The Sustainability Of The London Olympics Environmental Sciences Essay The topic and heart of the Olympics and the Paralympic Games 2012 is maintainability. The maintainable methodology will prompt durable natural, social and financial advantages through recovery and heritage (Pointer and Mercury, 2009). The Commission for a Sustainable London 2012 was propelled on 23 January 2007 to autonomously guarantee Londons 2012 promise to have the practical Games. Source: http://www.london2012.com The explanation behind London to have the 2012 Olympic Games was the practical part of the Games and the site. The London Olympic Games are set to impact the world forever on carbon decrease issues and is the first of its sort concerning the framework and overall exposure of Games. The scene of the 2012 Games will be the 200 and forty-six hectare Olympic Park in east London and the western edge of the Thames Gateway. East London is the most different and most denied network in the UK, the thought behind the undertaking was to recover the entire city. To spotless and clear the Olympic Park, practical methods were used to reuse and reuse 90% of the destruction material and 80% of soil nearby. The administration is investing their best energy to accomplish short and long haul objectives. A decent advancement is being made in the region of reasonable plan and development to accomplish vitality effectiveness. The Olympics panel have intended to limit the ecological effect and have set a z ero carbon strategy for 2012. The associations liable for London 2012 Games are the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) to plan and stage the Games and the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) to manufacture the scenes and foundation for the Games. The London 2012 Olympic offers open doors for London to improve framework being naturally reasonable. The London 2012 sorting out board of trustees has built up an arrangement to set out the possibility of maintainability, One Planet Living and has an arrangement to accomplish these objectives. The panel needs United Kingdom TO BE the universes driving brandishing country, MAKE the Olympic Park a manual for maintainable living, TRANSFORM east London to a superior spot, INSPIRE youngsters to partake in social and social exercises, DEMONSTRATE the nation is an inviting spot to all. In 2006, not many development responsibilities were created for the Olympics 2012. The board of trustees needed a coordinated task group that cooperates to accomplish the most ideal results and which incorporates originators, manufacturers, planners, ecological investigators and manageability engineers to accomplish structures that are inventive, imaginative and fit for meeting fundamental targets, utilizing present day strategies for development, with the subject of supportability and guaranteeing wellbeing and security norms. The Olympics 2012 arrangement includes three fundamental stages for example the readiness, occasion arranging and building a consistently enduring legacy. The 2012 games planning includes structure and development of the Olympic Park and foundation, keeping supportability the topic of the venture, to make an effect on the development methods for the nation as maintainability is a generally new idea. The 2012 games must make sure about a heritage for the Olympi c Park zone and the UK to be a stage for feasible recovery program. The significant factor for the arranging and development is the sourcing of materials, squander the executives, development effects and advantages, business and bio-decent variety influences. Decreasing Carbon impression of Olympics I Energy The primary key to lessen carbon dioxide outflows is the arrangement of sustainable power source with elevated level of effectiveness, the specialists need to create clean vitality squanders and sewage. The Olympic board of trustees and the London improvement authority are setting another vitality recuperation plant that utilizations waste to create sustainable power source, to diminish carbon dioxide emanations. The principle worry for the games is the carbon impression of lasting scenes and the typified vitality of the structures for impermanent settings. II Waste One of the issues is to kill and handle waste and attempt to reuse, reuse or fertilizer it, it has been guaranteed that no waste emerging during Olympics will be straightforwardly send to landfill. The reused material will be utilized for food bundling frameworks to maintain a strategic distance from pollution. Source: London 2012 maintainability plan III Water asset the board The supportability issue for the games incorporates arrangement of clean drinking water, reusing dim water, overseeing flood dangers. This will be accomplished by forcing water sparing advances, decreasing interest of water and planning productive scene for the city. IV Air Quality Great air quality is a need thought for the games to guarantee the best conditions for world competitors to contend in, the contamination will be decreased to a base during the games. V Biodiversity Biodiversity protection is a piece of the advancement of numerous 2012 scenes, guaranteeing no huge unfriendly impact on territories or species. VI Materials Determination of materials is a primary piece of the reasonable sourcing, the reason and use is distinguished, remembering the neighborhood wellspring of the material, cost and incentive for cash, its compensation back time, natural and social effects and the degree to reuse or reuse. VII Transport The London 2012s manageable vehicle plans urge individuals to make a trip to London settings by the reasonable modes open vehicle, strolling or cycling and utilization of rail over air transport to limit the carbon emanations and effects on air quality created by the vehicle. VIII Food The vision for the food during games is to give assorted and great quality British food and beverages at moderate costs which will leave a solid, supportable inheritance for UK by sustaining business associations. VIII Health and Safety London 2012 is resolved to advance solid living among the workforce by arrangement of sound food in the site bottles, evaluating cooks on the recreation center by Environmental Health Offices (EHOs), not permitting liquor on the destinations and conveying wellbeing and security instructive program for kids dwelling close to the site. IX Equality and Diversity The London Olympics 2012 will bring openings for work up in London by 70,000 by 2012 (work volunteer London 2012), the network has faith in equity among men, ladies, races and crippled individuals. The London Olympics 2012 have set five need subjects for maintainability. For change in atmosphere issues, their point is to limit carbon impression of Games and the improvement in general, which will be accomplished by limiting exemplified vitality influences, advancing vitality productivity and utilization of sustainable power source assets. The Olympics are attempting to build up a waste administration foundation reuse, decrease, reuse, manure and utilize waste to create vitality. The zone facilitating Olympics will be created by physical, social and monetary recovery and by improving environment of the scenes to save nature. The Games and the inheritance will advance a solid way of life for British and make them mindful of the supportability angles (London 2012 maintainability plan). The Olympics will give a stage to answers for creating foundation, vitality and water asset the executives, transport, neighborhood food creation, carbon relief and adjustment.

Government is Best which Governs Least :: essays papers

Government is Best which Governs Least I generously acknowledge the aphorism, That legislature is best which administers least; and I should jump at the chance to see it misbehaved to all the more quickly and deliberately. Completed, it at long last adds up to this, which likewise I accept - That administration is best which oversees not in the slightest degree; and when men are set up for it, that will be the sort of government which the will have. Government is, best case scenario however a catalyst; yet most governments are as a rule, and all legislatures are in some cases, inexpedient. The complaints which have been brought against a standing armed force, and they are numerous and profound, and have the right to win, may likewise finally be brought against a standing government. The standing armed force is just an arm of the standing government. The administration itself, which is just the mode which the individuals have decided to execute their will, is similarly at risk to be mishandled and distorted before the indi viduals can act through it. Witness the current Mexican war, crafted by nearly a couple of people utilizing the standing government as their device; for in the beginning, the individuals would not have agreed to this measure. This American government- - what is it however a custom, however an ongoing one, trying to transmit itself healthy to descendants, yet every moment losing a portion of its trustworthiness? It has not the essentialness and power of a solitary living man; for a solitary man can twist it to his will. It is a kind of wooden weapon to the individuals themselves. In any case, it isn't the less fundamental for this; for the individuals must have some convoluted hardware or other, and hear its clamor, to fulfill that thought of government which they have. Governments show in this manner how effectively men can be forced upon, even force on themselves, for their own preferred position. It is astounding, we should all permit. However this administration never of itself facilitated any endeavor, yet by the energetic willingness with which it escaped its direction. It doesn't keep the nation free. It doesn't settle the West. It doesn't teach. The character inborn in the American individuals has done the sum total of what that has been cultivated; and it would have done to some degree more, if the legislature had not here and there hindered its. For government is a catalyst, by which men would fain prevail with regards to letting each other alone; and, as has been stated, when it is generally practical, the administered are most left be by it.

Lessons in Life and Marketing Yourself (a.k.a. What I Learned at the River Food Pantry)

Lessons in Life and Marketing Yourself (a.k.a. What I Learned at the River Food Pantry) Last Friday evening I volunteered at the River Food Pantry, the busiest food pantry in my county. The pantry distributes 30 thousand pounds of food to 600 families per weekâ€"I think I personally distributed about 1000 pounds of it, as I was in charge of giving out cabbages. These were not just ordinary cabbages like the ones you see in the grocery store. Some of them were bigger than my head and easily weighed 7 pounds. My cabbage volunteer experience taught me many lessons about life and even resumes. Here’s some of what I learned: I *do* have time in my life for volunteering, and it feels good. All it takes is putting it in my calendar. This time it helped that a group of friends all decided to volunteer on the same day. Volunteering is even more fun as a community and when you can go out with friends afterward! (Maybe you are procrastinating something that would get done if you put it in your calendar and/or made a group experience out of it?) When there are small cabbages and big cabbages, most people do not want the big cabbages. But when there are only big cabbages, people take the big ones. Of course some people simply don’t like cabbage. But if you’re interested in cabbage, the desirability of any given one is all in your perspective. (It is your job to make yourself or your product look desirable when compared to all the other choices around it.) When told, “You can have one of everything on this table,” (a table filled with berries, pumpkins and potatoes in addition to heads of cabbage) people often skip over the cabbage. But when asked, “Would you like a cabbage?” most people will take a cabbage. And when further offered, “A nice big one?” most people will take a big one. This phenomenon reminded me of how simple our minds are. Put whatever you want people to notice in front of their noses; draw their attention to it and they will probably bite. We humans are so suggestible. (This strategy works on resumes too!) People like variety. On a cart to my right there were packs of cut watermelon. No one was taking them. But when they were placed on a table next to packs of blackberries and people were told they could choose two things, they chose variety: one watermelon and one blackberry instead of 2 blackberries. The watermelon, previously unwanted, flew off the shelves. (Workplaces and colleges look for variety too. You might be the right fit just because you are different!) People like things that look pretty. About an hour into my shift, I decided to start cleaning up the cabbages, taking off the outer leaves, before offering them to customers. The number of cabbage takers increased significantly. (Can you see an implication for your job search and marketing documents here?) I like to finish what I started. Even after my friends had completed their tasks, I found it impossible to leave with them until I had given out cabbages to the last patron. I’m sure someone else could have peeled cabbage leaves just as well as I did, but for some reason I felt I needed to see my job through to the end. And so I did. Do you have a tradition of volunteering at holiday time? I’d love to hear what it is! And perhaps this year you can use the occasion as a way to learn some life lessons as well as spread holiday cheer.

The History of Pinball and Pinball Machines

Pinball is a coin-operated arcade game  where players score points by shooting metal balls on an inclined playfield, hitting special targets, and avoiding losing their balls: throughout the 1970s 80s, high school and college students found coin-gobbling pinball machines in arcades and bars. But pinball history begins nearly 100 years earlier than that. Montague Redgrave Bagatelle In 1871, British inventor, Montague Redgrave (1844–1934) was granted US Patent #115,357 for his Improvements in Bagatelle. Bagatelle was an older game that used a table and balls—rather like a miniature version of pool or billiards—and it was invented in late 18th century France. Redgraves patented changes to the game of Bagatelle included adding a coiled spring and a plunger, making the game smaller, replacing the large bagatelle balls with marbles, and adding the inclined playfield. All of these were common features of the later game of pinball. Pinball machines appeared in mass during the early 1930s as counter-top machines (without legs) and they featured the characteristics created by Montague Redgrave. In 1932, manufacturers began adding legs to their games. First Pinball Games Bingo made by the Bingo Novelty Company was a counter-top mechanical game released in 1931. It was also the first machine manufactured by D. Gottlieb Company, who were contracted to produce the game. Baffle Ball made by David Gottlieb Company, was a counter-top mechanical game released in 1931. In 1935, Gottlieb released an electro-mechanical standing version of Baffle Ball with a  payout. Bally Hoo was a counter-top mechanical game with optional legs released in 1931. Bally Hoo was the first coin-operated pinball game and it was invented by the founder of the Bally Corporation, Raymond T. Maloney (1900–1958). The term pinball itself as a name for the arcade game was not used until 1936. Tilt! The tilt mechanism was invented in 1934 as a direct answer to the problem of players physically lifting and shaking the games. The tilt debuted in a game called Advance made by Harry Williams. The first battery operated machines appeared in 1933 and inventor Harry Williams made the first. By 1934, machines were redesigned to be used with electrical outlets allowing for new types of sounds, music, lights, lighted backglass, and other features. The pinball bumper was invented in 1937. The bumper debuted in a game called Bumper made by Bally Hoo. Chicago game designers Harry Mabs (~1895–1960) and Wayne Neyens invented the flipper in 1947. The flipper made its debut in a pinball game called Humpty Dumpty, made by D. Gottlieb Company. Humpty Dumpty used six flippers, three on each side. Mid-Century Innovations Pinball machines during the early 50s began to use separate lights behind the glass scoreboard to show scores. The 50s also introduced the first two player games. Pinball manufacturer Steve Kordek (1911–2012) invented the drop target in 1962, debuting in Vagabond, and multiballs in 1963, debuting in Beat the Clock. He is also credited with repositioning the flippers to the bottom of the pinball playing field. In 1966, the first digital scoring pinball machine, Rally Girl was released Rally. In 1975, the first solid-state electronic pinball machine, the Spirit of 76, was released by Micro. In 1998, the first pinball machine with a video screen was released by Williams in their new Pinball 2000 series machines. In the 21st century, versions of pinball are now being sold that are completely software based and have been developed for platforms for computers, handhelds, and gaming devices. Sources and Further Reading Kocurek, Carly A. Coin-Operated Americans: Rebooting Boyhood at the Video Game Arcade. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.  Sharpe, Roger. Pinball! New York: E.P. Dutton, 1977.  Sullivan, Barbara. Ballyhoo Over Goldberg Hardly Whole Bally Saga. Chicago Tribune, June 17, 1996.  Sweeney, Melodie. The bagatelle wizard instead of the pinball wizard. National Museum of American History, October 31, 2012.  Terry, Clifford. How the Pinball Machine Got Those Flippers. Chicago Tribune, August 8, 1993.  Wolf, Mark J. P. The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2008.

Week 3 Individual Assignment Fin/419 - Finance for...

Week 3 Individual Assignments Finance for Decision Making FIN/419 January 30, 2012 Chapter 4: Problem 4-23 – Personal Finance Problem Funding your retirement - You plan to retire in exactly 20 years. Your goal is to create a fund that will allow you to receive $20,000 at the end of each year for the 30 years between retirement and death (a psychic told you would die exactly 30 years after you retire). You know that you will be able to earn 11% per year during the 30-year retirement period. a. How large a fund will you need when you retire in 20 years to provide the 30-year, $20,000 retirement annuity? $173,880 will be required to retire in 20 years to†¦show more content†¦Chapter 4: Problem 4-48 – Personal Finance Problem Monthly loan payments - Tim Smith is shopping for a used car. He has found one priced at $4,500. The dealer has told Tim that if he can come up with a down payment of $500, the dealer will finance the balance of the price at a 12% annual rate over 2 years (24 months). a. Assuming that Tim accepts the dealer’s offer, what will his monthly (end-of-month) payment amount be? PMT = $4,000(PVIFA12%, 24) PMT = $4,000 / 21.243 PMT = $188.28 b. Use a financial calculator or Equation 4.15a (found in footnote 9) to help you figure out what Tim’s monthly payment would be if the dealer were willing to finance the balance of the car price at a 9% annual rate. PMT = $4,000(PVIFA0.75%, 24) PMT = $4,000 / 21.889 PMT = $182.74 Chapter 6: Problem 6-15 – Personal Finance Problem Basic bond valuation - Complex Systems has an outstanding issue of $1,000-parvalue bonds with a 12% coupon interest rate. The issue pays interest annually and has 16 years remaining to its maturity date. a. If bonds of similar risk are currently earning a 10% rate of return, how much should the Complex Systems bond sell for today? Bo = I x (PVIFAkd%,n) + M x (PVIFkd%,n) Bo = 120 x (PVIFA10%,16) + M x (PVIF10%,16) Bo = $120 x (7.824) + $1,000 x (0.218) Bo =Show MoreRelatedFinance 419 Assignment for Week Two Individual Assignment.2005 Words   |  9 PagesFinance 419 assignment for week two individual assignment. Assignments from the Readings FIN/419 Assignments from theRead MoreManagement Control Systems as a Package13705 Words   |  55 PagesAccounting Research 19 (2008) 324–343 Operation of management control practices as a package—A case study on control system variety in a growth ï ¬ rm context Mikko Sandelin âˆâ€" Helsinki School of Economics, Department of Accounting and Finance, P.O. Box 1210, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland Abstract This empirical case study examines the operation of management control practices as a package in a growth ï ¬ rm context by paying particular attention to the couplings among cultural, personnel, action andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLSRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. Clark Faucet Company 2 5 7 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Kombs Engineering 13 Williams Machine Tool Company 15 Wynn Computer Equipment (WCE) 17 The Reluctant Workers 20 Hyten Corporation 22 Macon, Inc. 35 ContinentalRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesCourse: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth EditionRead MoreIfrs Compared to Us Gaap209956 Words   |  840 PagesGuidance/IFRS GAAP Comparisons/IFRS compared to U.S. GAAP The information contained herein is for internal and external use. IFRS compared to U.S. GAAP On the road to convergence About this publication Contents 1. Background 2. General issues 3. Statement of financial position 4. Specific items of profit or loss and comprehensive income 5. Special topics Appendix 1 - Abbreviations used for pronouncements Appendix 2 - IASB / FASB convergence projects Document 2 of 75 Source: International/Financial

Human Sexuality and Disability Free Essays

Article Summary Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Sexuality and Disability or any similar topic only for you Order Now (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Researchers Chandler and Brown (1988) conducted a study to see the relationship between neurologically disabled individuals and their experienced sexual relationship problems. Primarily focused on dyadic relationships, this research further sheds light on service providing for affected individuals. A 6 months continuous study was conducted on 70 individuals who were either married, cohabiting or living alone at Hunters Moor Regional Rehabilitation Centre located in Newcastle upon Tyne. Multiple standardized tests to assess cognitive, sexual and psychiatric functioning including, sexual functioning, disability level and current relationship were used. The results showed a wide variety of diagnosis amongst individuals tested. Additionally indicated slightly more than half (51%) had experienced change in sexual functioning and almost a third (27%) of those were highly concerned about this change. Gender was highly associated with concern about sexual functioning, as men were much more concerned. The correlation between sexual dysfunction and duration of illness strongly predicted relationship dissatisfaction. Researchers also suggested that concern is a desire to seek help and so more than one in four required help for sexual dysfunction. The outcome of this study implied sexual dysfunction can predict difficulties within a relationship and the dyadic relationship is an important aspect in managing disability. Further suggesting services designed to address sexual health should also consider and integrate relationship issues when seeking solutions. Reflective Journal Introduction to topic: Human Sexuality and Disability Sexual health is an important aspect of all human beings. Dr. Mona (2011) noted disabled individuals may not fit into the typical category of what is sexually desirable in our society and can result in low sexual self esteem. Disability is a complex phenomenon, which has different aspects. Our group was curious and wanted to research on preconceived assumptions on Sexuality and Disability. The research dealt with physical disability (Injuries affecting mobility, Individuals with Cancer resulting in physical limitations etc. ) its relationship with sexual pleasure, expression and services provided for concerned individuals. The Travelling Tickle Trunk Shop. Research and collecting Informaiton Located within Edmonton made it easy to conduct research on this agency. Additionally the range and quality of services was accessible and welcoming to disabled individuals. The Methodology involved, contacting the owner Brenda Kerber through e-mail and phone to set up an interview. We personally contacted Brenda at the Tickle Trunk located on Whyte Avenue. During this period she willingly provided answers and useful information. More to this, we analyzed the store set up, services and policies to accommodate disabled customers. Perceptions and Personal Impact of this Research Brenda had stated the initial idea to set up this particular store being a customer request that she later researched into and established in 2008 (personal communication, Oct. 31, 2012), indicating a wide customer range. I have learnt the variety of customers is not limited to race, culture, age, physical ability or gender. I would always assume customers of sex stores being sex addicts or having some physiological difficulties during sexual intercourse. My assumptions essentially root from my culture. Sex is a reserved topic until marriage and is therefore associated with procreation. I am aware of the pleasurable aspects of sex and this research has broadened my viewpoint. Another major assumption was with regards to disabled customers being asexual and/or loosing total sense of feel in sexual organs completely. Dr. Tepper’s (2000) research helped publicize sexual oppression of disabled individuals and eliminated some of my assumptions enlightening me to the complex world of disability (acquired disability, mental illness, physical disability, prenatal disability etc). Disabled individuals at least here in North America are engaged in sexual activity and I would state are having better and creative sex. Major personal turning point of this research was knowing the multiple ways to enhance one’s sex life. Social impact and Applications of this research The Tickle Trunk, is a business that is very welcoming to all individuals. This can help curious couples experiment, aid new migrants better immerse in the western culture of Sexuality and for disabled individuals (visually, hearing) private parties are conducted to help explore sexuality. Brenda has helped many physically disabled/impaired and individuals with cancer better embrace their sexual lives. On a large scale, Alberta being noted for its conservative views and reserved sexual attitude. The open minded and supportive approach of The Tickle Trunk can help educate and promote satisfying healthy sex to the general Edmonton society. Personally aspiring to be in the Nursing field certain information might be applicable during patient treatment, diagnosis etc. Disability and motherhood, guidance for parenting and resources (O’toole, 2002) are other aspects of interest to me, from a career and female rights advocate perspective. Personal and Literature related experiences of the research Pleasure is an important affirmative of life regardless of physical disability. Another similarity was the variety of individuals. In the article age ranges from 16-64 were examined. Where as customers at the shop had much more variation. Journals are scientific papers, a few controlled variables and numerical associations to sexual expression/satisfaction was noted. Whereas visiting the store gave a more personal and opinionated view of considering disability and sexuality. Overall, the different sources aided in reaching a balanced perspective. Reference List Chandler, B. J. , Brown, S. (1998). Sex and relationship dysfunction in neurological disability. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 65, 877-880. doi: 10. 1136/jnnp. 6 5. 6. 877 Kerber, Brenda. (Owner, Educator–The Travelling Tickle Trunk), personal communication October 31, 2012. O’toole, C. J. (2002). Sex Disability And Motherhood: Access To Sexuality For Disabled Mother Dsiability studies Quarterly 22(4), 81-101. Retrieved from http://dsq-sds. org/article/view/374/495 Paget, L. (2011, June 8). Dr. Linda Monda Sex and Disability. TogiEntertainment, Inc. Lindale Texas, USA: Â © 2012 Toginet Radio. Retrieved from http://podbay. fm/show/415882898/e/1309935600? autostart=1 Tepper, M. S. (2000). Sexuality and Disability: The Missing Discourse of Pleasure. HumanScience Press. 18(4), 283-290. Retrieved from http://wmst419. drkissling. com/winter2011/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Tepper2000. pdf How to cite Human Sexuality and Disability, Essay examples

Touch Wood By Rene Roth-Hano Touch Wood Is Based On The Authors Ow Ess

"Touch Wood" by Ren?e Roth-Hano ?Touch Wood? is based on the author?s own life when she was growing as a Jewish girl during the German invasion of France. In 1940, Ren?e and her family were living in Alsace, France, where nothing ever changed. No one expected anything unusual to happen. Then one day, a war with Germany is announced on the radio. The Germans wanted to annex Alsace and forced the Jews to leave. France was split into two zones- the Free Zone and the German occupied zone. Ren?e?s father chose for them to move to Paris, because it is a big city where he can find work, and also because Ren?e?s mother has childhood friends there. So, Ren?e, her parents, her two younger sisters, and their blind grandmother move into a crowded apartment in the German-occupied zone. Ren?e was disappointed in Paris when she arrived. She finds that everything seems to be smaller in Paris. Eventually, her new neighborhood becomes more of a home and helps Ren?e to miss Alsace a little less . Ren?e?s parents had left Poland and then Hungary to find a freer, better life. They settled in France and thought they?d be safe. Then Adolf Hitler, a German man who hated Jewish people, started trouble all over again. First, seven synagogues were blown up. Then, the Germans created a curfew prohibiting Jews to go during certain hours. Any Jew caught in the street after curfew would be taken as hostage. Also, all Jewish people must wear a Star of David on their shirts. An ordinance is created requiring all Jewish firms to be registered. Then the Jewish are forbidden to go to most public places, and they are only allowed an hour to grocery shop. Suddenly, their family?s Jewish neighbors are being taken away one by one. Ren?e?s family becomes fearful. At one point, they have to hide from the police. Ren?e?s parents decide to take action. They have friends who know Mother Superior. They send Ren?e and her sisters to a Catholic residence in Normandy until the war is over. Thei r father emphasizes for them not to tell anyone that they are Jewish. When they arrive in Normandy, they find a cozy bedroom, appetizing meals, and friendly people. Ren?e has to deal with a nosy housekeeper, who could possibly uncover their secret. Ren?e and her sisters love their new school, which is much more spacious and modern than the one in Paris. Ren?e?s main concern is confusion over her religious identity. They must convert to Catholicism to perfect their disguise. Their parents have given permission for Ren?e and her sisters to be baptized and to take their first communion. They decide to pray to the Catholic god to make the war end soon, to help the French and their Allies win the war, and to protect the Jews. Ren?e becomes worried when she hears about the bombing of Paris, but she was relieved to hear that her parents were not affected. Then thirty young girls come from Paris to live in the residency where Mother Superior feels they will enjoy the fresh air and w ill be able to eat better than they did in Paris. Ren?e?s life during the war was full of illnesses. First, her sisters and her suffer from scabies, a contagious disease that their doctor says he?s only seen in animals. When their mother comes to visit them, she must cut Ren?e?s hair because of the nits in it. Then Ren?e is sick in bed for a month with jaundice. It was a miracle that she recovered from it. Because her body wasn?t very resistant after recovering from jaundice, Ren?e became infected with impetigo. Somehow she managed to overcome all of her illnesses. In 1944, the wine market being used by the Germans to store ammunition is bombed by the Allies. The fire spreads to several surrounding houses. Then the residence where they are living is bombed. They must flee their home. A farmer volunteers for them to live in his barn until they are safe. German soldiers are very close to the barn, for they can hear the troops singing. The bombshells are coming from the Germans , who refuse to surrender, and

A Brief History of Manchuria

A Brief History of Manchuria Manchuria is the region of northeastern China that now covers the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. Some geographers also include northeastern Inner Mongolia, as well. Manchuria has a long history of conquering and being conquered by its southwestern neighbor, China. Naming Controversy The name Manchuria is controversial. It comes from a European adoption of the Japanese name Manshu, which the Japanese began to use in the nineteenth century. Imperial Japan wanted to pry that area free from Chinese influence. Eventually, in the early 20th century, Japan would annex the region outright.   The so-called Manchu people themselves, as well as the Chinese, did not use this term, and it is considered problematic, given its connections with Japanese imperialism. Chinese sources generally call it the Northeast or the Three Northeast Provinces. Historically, it is also known as Guandong, meaning east of the pass. Nonetheless, Manchuria is still considered to be the standard name for northeastern China in the English language.   The Manchu People Manchuria is the traditional land of the Manchu  (formerly called the Jurchen), the Xianbei (Mongols), and the  Khitan  peoples. It also has long-standing populations of Korean and Hui Muslim people.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹In total, the Chinese central government recognizes 50 ethnic minority groups in Manchuria.  Today, it is home to more than 107 million people; however, the vast majority of them are ethnic Han Chinese. During the late Qing Dynasty (19th and early 20th centuries), the ethnic-Manchu Qing emperors encouraged their Han Chinese subjects to settle the area that was the Manchu homeland. They took this surprising step to counter Russian expansionism in the region. The mass migration of Han Chinese is called the  Chuang Guandong, or the venture into the east of the pass. Manchuria's History The first empire to unite nearly all of Manchuria was the Liao Dynasty (907 - 1125 CE). The Great Liao is also known as the Khitan Empire, which took advantage of the collapse of Tang China to spread its territory into China proper, as well. The Manchuria-based Khitan Empire was powerful enough to demand and receive tribute from Song China and also from the Goryeo Kingdom in Korea. Another Liao tributary people, the Jurchen, overthrew the Liao Dynasty in 1125 and formed the Jin Dynasty. The Jin would go on to rule much of northern China and Mongolia from 1115 to 1234 CE. They were conquered by the rising Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. After the Mongols Yuan Dynasty in China fell in 1368, a new ethnic Han Chinese dynasty arose called the Ming. The Ming were able to assert control over Manchuria and forced the Jurchens and other local people to pay tribute to them. However, when unrest broke out in the late Ming era, the emperors invited Jurchen/Manchu mercenaries to fight in the civil war.  Instead of defending the Ming, the Manchus conquered all of China in 1644. Their new empire, ruled by the Qing Dynasty, would be the last Imperial Chinese Dynasty  and lasted until 1911. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Manchuria was conquered by the Japanese, who renamed it Manchukuo. It was a puppet empire, headed by the former Last Emperor of China, Puyi. Japan launched its invasion of China proper from Manchukuo; it would hold on to Manchuria until the end of World War II. When the Chinese Civil War ended in a victory for the communists in 1949, the new Peoples Republic of China took control of Manchuria. It has remained a part of China ever since.

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood Radiocarbon dating is one of the best known archaeological dating techniques available to scientists, and the many people in the general public have at least heard of it. But there are many misconceptions about how radiocarbon works and how reliable a technique it is. Radiocarbon dating was invented in the 1950s by the American chemist Willard F. Libby and a few of his students at the University of Chicago: in 1960, he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention. It was the first absolute scientific method ever invented: that is to say, the technique was the first to allow a researcher to determine how long ago an organic object died, whether it is in context or not. Shy of a date stamp on an object, it is still the best and most accurate of dating techniques devised. How Does Radiocarbon Work? All living things exchange the gas Carbon 14 (C14) with the atmosphere around them- animals and plants exchange Carbon 14 with the atmosphere, fish and corals exchange carbon with dissolved C14 in the water. Throughout the life of an animal or plant, the amount of C14 is perfectly balanced with that of its surroundings. When an organism dies, that equilibrium is broken. The C14 in a dead organism slowly decays at a known rate: its half life. The half-life of an isotope like C14 is the time it takes for half of it to decay away: in C14, every 5,730 years, half of it is gone. So, if you measure the amount of C14 in a dead organism, you can figure out how long ago it stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Given relatively pristine circumstances, a radiocarbon lab can measure the amount of radiocarbon accurately in a dead organism for as long as 50,000 years ago; after that, theres not enough C14 left to measure. Tree Rings and Radiocarbon There is a problem, however. Carbon in the atmosphere fluctuates with the strength of earths magnetic field and solar activity. You have to know what the atmospheric carbon level (the radiocarbon reservoir) was like at the time of an organisms death, in order to be able to calculate how much time has passed since the organism died. What you need is a ruler, a reliable map to the reservoir: in other words, an organic set of objects that you can securely pin a date on, measure its C14 content and thus establish the baseline reservoir in a given year. Fortunately, we do have an organic object that tracks carbon in the atmosphere on a yearly basis: tree rings. Trees maintain carbon 14 equilibrium in their growth rings- and trees produce a ring for every year they are alive. Although we dont have any 50,000-year-old trees, we do have overlapping tree ring sets back to 12,594 years. So, in other words, we have a pretty solid way to calibrate raw radiocarbon dates for the most recent 12,594 years of our planets past. But before that, only fragmentary data is available, making it very difficult to definitively date anything older than 13,000 years. Reliable estimates are possible, but with large /- factors. The Search for Calibrations As you might imagine, scientists have been attempting to discover other organic objects that can be dated securely steadily since Libbys discovery. Other organic data sets examined have included varves (layers in sedimentary rock which were laid down annually and contain organic materials, deep ocean corals, speleothems (cave deposits), and volcanic tephras; but there are problems with each of these methods. Cave deposits and varves have the potential to include old soil carbon, and there are as-yet unresolved issues with fluctuating amounts of C14 in ocean corals. Beginning in the 1990s, a coalition of researchers led by Paula J. Reimer of the CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, at Queens University Belfast, began building an extensive dataset and calibration tool that they first called CALIB. Since that time, CALIB, now renamed IntCal, has been refined several timesas of this writing (January 2017), the program is now called IntCal13. IntCal combines and reinforces data from tree-rings, ice-cores, tephra, corals, and speleothems to come up with a significantly improved calibration set for c14 dates between 12,000 and 50,000 years ago. The latest curves were ratified at the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference in July of 2012. Lake Suigetsu, Japan Within the last few years, a new potential source for further refining radiocarbon curves is Lake Suigetsu in Japan. Lake Suigetsus annually formed sediments hold detailed information about environmental changes over the past 50,000 years, which radiocarbon specialist PJ Reimer believes will be as good as, and perhaps better than, samples cores from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Researchers Bronk-Ramsay et al. report 808 AMS dates based on sediment varves measured by three different radiocarbon laboratories. The dates and corresponding environmental changes promise to make direct correlations between other key climate records, allowing researchers such as Reimer to finely calibrate radiocarbon dates between 12,500 to the practical limit of c14 dating of 52,800. Constants and Limits Reimer and colleagues point out that IntCal13 is just the latest in calibration sets, and further refinements are to be expected. For example, in IntCal09s calibration, they discovered evidence that during the Younger Dryas (12,550-12,900 cal BP), there was a shutdown or at least a steep reduction of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation, which was surely a reflection of climate change; they had to throw out data for that period from the North Atlantic and use a different dataset. We should see some interesting results in the very near future. Sources and Further Information Bronk Ramsey C, Staff RA, Bryant CL, Brock F, Kitagawa H, Van der Plicht J, Schlolaut G, Marshall MH, Brauer A, Lamb HF et al. 2012. A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P. Science 338:370-374.Reimer PJ. 2012. Atmospheric science. Refining the radiocarbon time scale. Science 338(6105):337-338.Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M et al. . 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55(4):1869–1887.Reimer P, Baillie M, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck J, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck C, Burr G, Edwards R et al. 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51(4):1111-1150.Stuiver M, and Reimer PJ. 1993. Extended C14 data base and revised Calib 3.0 c14 age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35(1):215-230.

Two topics for two different papers, Broken Windows & Prison Essay

Two topics for two different papers, Broken Windows & Prison - Essay Example But however factual reports and research show that the broken window theory could definitely have an impact in crime reduction and it can be taken as a foundation for other crime reduction strategies. The other article by Wilson and Kelling brings to light the role of foot patrolling officers in helping public regain confidence on law and order. A disorderly place, not necessarily a place where crime occurs per se, becomes an area of fear especially for people living in and around the place. Foot patrolling officers in the earlier days helped remove this fear among the public through order-maintenance. However, in the following years police have been burdened with the additional role of law-enforcement, as a result of which they are forced to abide by certain rules. This has not helped them in achieving their primary duty of order maintenance. According to the authors, one effective alternative to this developing situation could be citizen patrolling. Good examples of which include c ommunity watchmen and setting up of vigilante groups. Despite the efforts by the general public, the patrolling effect of a policeman can be hard to achieve. Thus the article stresses that men in duty should be encouraged to do their extra bit in order to achieve communal harmony. The article ‘The Prison- Industrial Complex’ by Eric Schlosser throws light about the prison system in the United States. The US now has the distinction of holding more citizens in prison than any other country in the world. And a majority of the prison inmates is constituted by non-violent offenders. This has lead to the prison being viewed as an industrial complex, with more prisons being built to house more people. These prisons home a wide variety of criminals, law offenders, even those who are mentally ill, and with respect to their race about half the inmates in the US prisons are African-Americans, and the number of women inmates have

Direct Vs. Indirect Taxation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Direct Vs. Indirect Taxation - Research Paper Example In order to assess our argument it would be important for us to know the difference between direct and indirect taxation.   Direct taxes are those taxes that are levied on one’s income. They are calculated annually and a certain percentage is levied on the earnings of a person. Similarly, indirect taxes or not levied on the people’s income. Instead, indirect taxes are paid on the purchase of goods and services. They are paid whenever a purchase is made. They are included in the selling price of a good and service and hence a person cannot escape indirect taxes since he is paying not only the price of the good or service, but also the portion of a tax. Hence it is unavoidable and is paid by everyone irrespective of his earning. (McConnell)We can use the above definitions to classify the federal income tax and federal sales tax into one of the two classes of taxation. This would help us in determining which is more useful in terms of revenue for the government and welfa re of the society. Since we know that federal income tax is levied on people’s income and is calculated annually, we can classify it as a direct tax. This means that it is levied on the person’s income. It is a progressive tax where the rich person pays a higher amount than a person who is earning lesser than that person. On the other hand, federal sales tax is levied on the purchase of goods and services. People pay this type of tax only when they buy or sell something. It is not charged on the person’s income and it is a regressive tax meaning.... Hence it is unavoidable and is paid by everyone irrespective of his earning. (McConnell) We can use the above definitions to classify the federal income tax and federal sales tax into one of the two classes of taxation. This would help us in determining which is more useful in terms of revenue for the government and welfare of the society. Since we know that federal income tax is levied on people’s income and is calculated annually, we can classify it as a direct tax. This means that it is levied on the person’s income. It is a progressive tax where the rich person pays a higher amount than a person who is earning lesser than that person. On the other hand, federal sales tax is levied on the purchase of goods and services. People pay this type of tax only when they buy or sell something. It is not charged on the person’s income and it is a regressive tax meaning that both rich and poor pay equal amount of tax if the selling price of a good is same for their purch ases. In other words, we can differentiate between these two types of taxes by using mathematic equation. Income tax is charged on one’s income. It is a percentage of one’s income. Let’s suppose that the prevalent income tax rate in the United States of America is 20%. The calculation of taxes for the income will be the following: Income Tax = Annual Income * 0.25 Similarly, in case of an indirect tax such as federal sales tax, the calculation for the income tax will be the following: Tax = Selling Price of Commodity * Percentage of the Tax These two equations tell us that federal sales tax has nothing to do with the income of a person. It is calculated just by looking at the value of the purchase that the person is

Cassandra System in Facebook

Cassandra System in Facebook Cassandra was designed to accomplish scalability and availability for the Inbox Storage problem. It was a system developed for Facebook. It would need to handle more than a billion write operations. It would also need to scale with the number of users. The data centers which serve the users are distributed across earths geography. Figure 1 Cassandra Symbol In order to keep the search latencies down, it would be necessary for the users to replicate the data over the data centers. Facebook has installed Cassandra as its back end storage system. This is done for multiple services available at Facebook. Distributed file systems have hierarchal name spaces. The existing systems allow operations which are disconnected. They are also strong against general issues like outages and network partitions. Conflicts resolution is different in different systems in Coda and Ficus there is level conflict resolution. Application level resolution is allowed by Bayou. Traditional relational databases seek at providing guarantee of consistent replicated data. Amazon uses the Dynamo storage system for storing and retrieving user details. It uses the Gossip member protocol to maintain node data. Vector clock scheme is used to detect conflict. It has more preference for client side conflict resolution mechanism. In systems which need to handle a high write through put, Dynamo can be disadvantages as read would be needed to manage the vector stamps. Casandra is a non-relational database. It has a distributed multi-dimensional map. This map is indexed by a key. The value which the key points to is highly structured. The size of the row key is a string which has no restrictions. It has size corresponding to 16 to 36 bytes. Like the Big table system, the columns are grouped together into sets. These sets are called as column families. The column families are divided into two type: 1) Simple column families These are the normal column families 2) Super column families The super family has a column family inside a column family. Sorted order of the column can be specified. The inbox display usually displays the messages in time sorted fashion. This can be used by Cassandra as it allows the sorting over the columns by time or by name. The results are displayed in easily for the inbox searches in a time sorted manner. The syntax used to access column family is column_family:column. For a super column family it is column_family: super_column: column. Cassandra cluster is used a part of an application. They are then managed as a part of a service. All the deployments have jsut one table in their schema. But it does support the notion of multiple tables. The API of Cassandra has the below three basic commands: insert (table, key, rowMutation) get (table, key, columnName) delete (table, key, columnName) column name stands for a super column family or simple column family, a specific column in the column family. Consider the architecture of storage system involves plenty of complicated scenarios. Many factors need to be handled such as configuration management, robustness, scalability, For this document we consider primary features of Cassandra that includes membership, partitioning, failure handling, scalability, replication For the various read write requests, the module works in synchrony. In order to confirm the completion of writes, the system routes requests to replica. Reads are handled differently. System reroutes the requests to the nearest replica / route and awaits a quorum of responses. Partitioning Ability to increase scaling is a critical feature provided by Cassandra. This is provided in dynamic way. In the cluster, the partition takes place over the storage hosts. Consistent hashing and also preserving has functions are performed to take care of partitioning. Consider the consistent hashing approach. Here the largest hash value covers the smallest hash value. All nodes are then provided another adhoc value represented by the position of ring. Application provides the key with Cassandra leverages that to move requests. Responsibility is established at a node level around the ring region. Main benefit of this approach is that transition of node impacts only the neighboring node, whereas other nodes are not impacted. There does exist some difficulties for this approach. There is lack of uniform data and load distributions due to the adhoc positions of nodes around the ring. The approach ignores the differences in performances of nodes. Replication In order to increase the durability and availability, Cassandra provides replication. For this purpose, all data item is copied over at N hosts. Each node is conscious aware of other nodes in network, thus high durability is established. Each row is replicated across various data centers that are further synced with very high speed network links. Bootstrapping A configuration is maintained for a node joining the cluster. Configuration file provides the necessary contact points to join the cluster. These are known as seeds. A service can also provide such configuration. Zookeeper is one of them. Scaling the Cluster Consider the case of adding a new node to system. For this purpose, a token is assigned to it. Goal is to reduce load on heavily loaded node. New node is split on a range wherein previous node was assigned for. Web dashboards are provided that can perform above tasks. These can also be achieved through command line utility. Local Persistence Local file system helps provide the necessary local persistence for Cassandra. For recovering data efficiently, disks are used to represent data. There are standard write operations. These include ability to commit and update into a data structure. After successful commit log, then write to in-memory data structure is performed. Implementation Details The Cassandra process on a single machine is primarily consists The process involves clustering, fault identification and storage modules. These apply for a specific machine. There exists event driven items. These split the message across the process pipeline and also task pipeline. These are performed across various steps as part of architecture. JAVA is primary source and all modules are built from scratch using Java. For the clustering and fault detection module, input output that is of type non-blocking is built upon. There are few lessons that were learnt over maintaining Cassandra. New features should be added after understanding its implications over the system. Few scenarios are stated below: 7TB of the data needed to be indexed for 00M users. It was extracted, transformed an loaded into the Cassandra database using Map reduce jobs. The Cassandra instance juts becomes a load over the network bandwidth as some of the data was sent over serialized data over the Cassandra network. Application requirement is to have an atomic operation per key per replica. Storage system features, architecture and implementation is described including partitioning, replication, bootstrapping, scaling, persistence and durability. These are explained through Cassandras perspective which provides those benefits. [1] Avinash Lakshman, Facebook Prashant Malik, Facebook, Cassandra A Decentralized Structured Storage System

Chinese Literature Essay

The first short story under consideration is â€Å"Iron Child† by Mo Yan. The piece of literature deals with industrialization of China, which aimed at establishing the socialist model of political system of this country in the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century. The outcomes of the political transformation of China, particularly, child labor, are described in the story. The story â€Å"Iron Child† is narrated by a five-year-old boy (Yan n.pag.). Another short story under analysis is â€Å"Dogshit Food† by Liu Heng. The events of this story take place in the period of the so-called Great Leap Forward (1958). â€Å"Dogshit Food† deals predominantly with the issues of social life in China and political transformation after the World War II. The author emphasizes the human perception of beauty and ethical aspect of interpersonal relations. The story is being delivered in the third person singular, which indicates author’s narrative. The protagonist of the novel is Yang Tiankuan (Heng n.pag.). In spite of thematic diversity and differences in the formal realization of subject matter in both short-stories, â€Å"Dogshit Food† by Liu Heng and â€Å"Iron Child† by Mo Yan, they have a wide range of similarities. In his short story â€Å"Iron Child†, Mo Yan deals with the issues of industrialization of China establishing the socialist model of political system. The writer also reflects upon the most acute and burning social issues, particularly, child labor. It should be mentioned that Mo Yan creates the reality in which children appeared to be the most vulnerable in  the face of decisions and choices of adults. The general tone of the novel is gloomy. The pace of revolving the plot is predominantly moderate, gravitating towards acceleration. The surrealist vision gives this short story the flavor of reminiscence, since the author, apparently, is recalling and reconsidering his childhood. The aspect of the surrealist vision is embodied in the Iron Child who is the protagonist’s friend. Iron Child is endowed with extraordinary abilities of consuming iron (Yan n.pag.). On the other hand, â€Å"Dogshit Food† by Liu Heng, above all, accentuates the inter-personal relations between Yang Tiankuan and his wife and Yang Tiankuan and the rest of community inhabiting the Flood Water Valley. According to the short story, the negative effect of reformatting the agriculture and economy of China is related to the issue of malnutrition. Apparently, the author is drawing a parallel between the affliction and the person’s character. The conflict between the appearance, the outer surface, and person’s inner world is revealed through the lens of Yang Tiankuan’s wife. Namely, the author analyzes the way she treats Yang Tiankuan and others and, consequently, the way she perceives the world (Heng n.pag.). Therefore, the issues dealt in both novels are social life in China in the age of the Great Leap Forward, childhood and the status of children in Chinese society, interpersonal relations, human perception, and understanding the beauty. The essence of social issues and their outcomes and, as a result, the cause-effect relations dealt with in both short stories constitute the commonness between these particular pieces of literature. Another important observation to be made concerns the aspect of distinctiveness and autonomy of Chinese literature in general and Chinese prose of the twentieth century in particular. The phenomenon of distinctiveness and autonomy of Chinese literature was predetermined by the geographical position of China as well as scientific, cultural, and political separateness of this region from the rest of the world. Coalescence, i.e. loss of individuality, of the Chinese historic-cultural frontier in Asia represented itself as a notable fact common to the second half of the twentieth century. Mo Yan and Liu Heng’s positions supported Chinese identity in the context of culture by all means. Considering the current situation, it is important to admit the process of introducing the realities of the Western world to East and China in particular. They were assimilated into Eastern ground. Mo Yan and Liu Heng’s short stories were called, above all, to communicate the idea of cultural identity to the audience across the world. In other words, these particular pieces of literature have no target audience. In its turn, the absence of target audiences indicates both self-sufficiency and self-sustainment of art in general and literature in particular. Self-sufficiency and self-sustainment are the markers of the postmodern art, philosophy and the concept of world. However, social determination of both pieces of art is obvious as far as their subject matter is concerned. In my considered opinion, the issues of identity, assimilation and social determination presented in both â€Å"Dogshit Food† by Liu Heng and Mo Yan’s â€Å"Iron Child† are important in terms of investigating and analyzing. Works Cited Heng, Liu. â€Å"Dogshit Food.† _Fiction Since 1976._ Trans. Deride Sabina Knight. N.p., n.d. 366 – 378. Print. Yan, Mo. â€Å"Iron Child.† _Fiction Since 1976._ Trans. Howad Goldblatt. N.p., n.d. 367 – 387. Print.

The Battle Of The Bulge - 3845 Words

Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge started in the winter December 16th 1944 – 1945 towards the end of World War II. It was the last major Nazi attack against the Allies in World War II. The Battle of the Bulge was the last chance effort by Hitler to split the alliance between Britain, France and America in two. Adolf Hitler believed that the western sector of Europe was weak in addition, if he attacked with a successful defeat, it would break up the alliance. Hitler ordered a major attack on mostly the American forces. Hitler’s goal was to destroy all Allied armies to force the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in his favor. That attack was officially known as the Battle of the Ardennes by the U.S Army. When the Germans first attacked it created a bulge in the Americans Allied front line, which is now known as the Battle of the Bulge. By the end of January 1945, America units had recovered all the ground they lost. Hitler’s plan was to attack with such a great force using three armies against the United States Allies, which in his head would destroy the pipeline in which the majority of supplies were reaching our Allies. The German final plan was to attack and capture Antwerp, which would divide the British and American armies that would deprive the much needed pipeline which the Allies used for supplies. Choosing this plan of action, Hitler used Walter Model and Gerd von Rundstedt to execute this plan. To move forward with thisShow MoreRelatedThe Battle of the Bulge757 Words   |  3 Pages to eliminate the bulge in the American line. This success was largely due to General Patton’s third army, that attacked from the North and the South. On January 8, 1945, the German forces began to pull out of the Bulge. As the Americans advanced, they continued to erase all German gains. By the end of January, 1945, all territory that was captured by the Germans was back under Allied control (â€Å"Battle of the Bulge†). The Battle of the bulge was one of the most difficult battles of the war for theRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1089 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The United States remains a country with a rich history in several issues including strong military activities including their incursion in Iraq, Afghanistan and other volatile countries around the world. However, the devastations of the Battle of the Bulge make it as one of the deadliest and bloodiest wars that the U.S has ever witnessed in history. It led to various war tactics with artillery emerging from it and other military operation challenges. Despite its unpredictableRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was one of the Bloodiest battles of World War II with around 175,000 total casualties and played a key role in ending the War. The Battle started as a German surprise attack on Allied Forces along an 80-mile front in the Ardennes Forest of southern Belgium. The Germans initially had a great deal of success in their attack but through a series of Allied counter attacks the Allied Forces were able to cripple the German Forces. The Field Artillery played a crucial role inRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle on the Western Front of World War Two. At the largest point of the battle it involved over 1.1 million men. The battle was started when the Germans launched Operation Watch on the Rhine. The main objective of this operation was to capture the American held harbor of Antwerp which is Belgium. Ever since the invasion of Normandy the allies had had problems bringing supplies up to the front. Every time the Germans left a city with a harbor in it they sabotagedRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1712 Words   |  7 Pages Battle of the Bulge Christopher Adams NCOA SLC 15-005 Battle of the Bulge Introduction The Battle of the Bulge, a massive German counteroffensive which began in December 1944, ultimately produced the largest casualty rate in any one battle throughout World War II. The Allied Forces alone lost almost 80,000 at the Battle of the Bulge. This casualty rate could have been much higher if Hitler would’ve grasped the importance and value of supply and logisticalRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1077 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge is remembered as Adolf Hitler’s final effort to escape total defeat during World War II (WWII). His initial efforts were successful, however the Allied force commanders proved superior through there demonstrated adaptive and decisive decision making. These actions helped to overcome the military force and military intelligence failures during the battle. If these failures had been avoided, the Germans would have been defeated much quickerRead MoreBattle of the Bulge1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe battle of the bulge The battle of the bulge was Hitlers last chance to win the war or at least make the allies go for a treaty. He did this because his forces were being pushed back into Germany and soon they would run out of supplies and other resources for war. Hitler thought of this bold plain when he recalled how a German hero Frederick the great was facing defeat, Frederick went on a offensive attack at his foe who had superior numbers but the bold moved worked and Hitler thought heRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1630 Words   |  7 PagesImagine hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting in blizzard conditions, both sides fighting for their country, The Battle of the Bulge was one of the largest battles of the war and proved to be one of the most important. Some people ask how the Allied forces were able to stop the seemingly unbeatable Nazi war machine, this battle would be the last major offensive by the Third Reich in attempt to change the tides of the Second World War. The Allied forces were about to be a part of the true terrorsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of the Bulge stands as the largest battle fought between the Allied and Axis forces on the Western Front during World War II. This battle was a German offensive intended to drive a wedge between the American and British armies in France and the Low Countries and capture the port of Antwerp in the Netherlands to deny the Allies use of the port facilities. The battle also known as the Ardennes Offensive, took place in the Ardennes Forest of Luxembourg and Belgium. The battle waged duringRead MoreThe Battle Of The Bulge1388 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Eisenhower summons 10th Armored Division to Bastogne, Patton exercises disciplined initiative in setting the stage for victory at the Battle of the Bulge. Before Patton is summoned to Verdun, he set the conditions for his forces to break away from the battle in the Saar River Valley and move toward Bastogne. Patton initially protests the order to send the 10th Armored Division to Bastogne. Losing an entire division would weaken his effort to Invade Germany in the Saar. However, Patton finally

Literature Review On Police Brutality - 1105 Words

Literature Review Police and community relations has always been a work in progress, some communities are more challenging than others. There are various factors that impact the relationship police have with civilians such as geographical location, race, gender, personal experience and in personal ones as well. In the last few years police and the African American community on a national level been more disconnected due to a pattern of unforeseen circumstances of unarmed black men being shot and killed by officers, that end up serving no jail or repercussion besides paid administrative leave. Police brutality is defined by The Law Dictionary as the use of force used unnecessarily. â€Å"Force that is used beyond what is necessary to handle the†¦show more content†¦Police Brutality Against African Americans Many factors affect how and why African American perception is negative some underlining factors are face to face encounters, procedural justice, historical as well as having a positive in teraction with an officer (Weitzer,2015). African American that being stopped and spoken to in a demeaning manner, lack of explanation to why they were stopped and inability to ask questions and explain what happen impacted their feelings. Though positive interactions help the general it does not necessarily help because they are outside influence such as the media and accounts of family and friends. (Jacob, 1971, Skogan 2016, Weitzer,2015). Racial Bias are a direct correlation to police violence against African Americans, stereotypes perpetuated by social constructions and media representation along with individual prejudice help by police officers view African Americans as a threat especially African American men. Police trust this ideology of â€Å"threat† to assist in their use of excessive force against African Americans to comply. (Tyler, 2011; Tyler et al., 2015, Skinner, Haas,2016). Police Brutality and African American Men In recent years the killings of African American men have increased, especially those of unarmed black men. Between 2010 and 2012 it was reported that Blacks males were 21 times more likely to beShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Why Is It Important Right Now? Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction What is police brutality and why is it important right now? Police brutality is the use of excessive force carried out by a law enforcement official. Lately, various incidents of police brutality have surfaced in the news, but this is nothing new. Past incidents including the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri brought serious social issues to the frontlines. Michael Brown was an unarmed black teenager who was shot and killed by a white male. Other incidents include the deathRead MoreShould Police Officers Be Required For Where Body Cameras?1479 Words   |  6 Pages Should Police Officers be required to where Body Cameras Ken Davis BUSI600 Section # BO5 June 21, 2015 Abstract The pedigree of this literary review will outline some of the dimensions and elements that provide empirical research by reliable researchers using reliable methods. The purpose of this paper is threefold: The first purpose is to review the communication and organizational literature on authority in order to illustrate how police brutality assist and continues toRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens receive from the police in addition to how the citizens interact with police. Video footage has shown police brutality that is sometimes questionable, which often dictates on the how the community views them by causing tension. Accusations of Police brutality is nothing new but it isn’t until recently that it is being recorded and it is difficult to correct the actions of someone if there is not enough evidence provided. Recent advancements in technology police accountable for their actionsRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Police Brutality1458 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem I would like to conduct sociological research on is the use of excessive force used by members of the police department in recent unconscionable shootings of unarmed civilians. With all the recent attention that the people of Ferguson Missouri and New York City have been able to rise on this issue, making it a media sensation, it seemed like a good topic to discuss. Police brutality is an egregious, ongoing problem in our society that, until just recently, has been accepted as a sad fact ofRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Officers Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivated police brutality and societal discrimination. Though his efforts were not in vain, today’s media representation of law enforcement impacts the societal cultivation of police officers in a negative way. Media outlets, in the forms of television, radio, or social websites, create a cynical view of polic e officers, which influences societal beliefs and creates negative connotations. These days, police are often stereotyped as aggressive, corrupt beings. The growing hatred for police officersRead MoreBlack Panthers Platform: Takin it to the Streets Essay example1141 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement requests are stated in the â€Å"Black Panther Platform†. The theme of the literature was to clearly state what was requested by them and there people. The Black Panthers wanted the opportunity to determine the destiny of themselves which they believed shall make them free. The Black Panthers Platform was created to clearly state what black community’s wanted to see change and to show the issues of racism and police brutality. The military wants to draft African American men to fight and to risk theirRead MoreThe Between Democracy, Its Processes, And Policing Are Well Established Across A Wide Variety Of Academic Disciplines1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe connections between democracy, its processes, and policing are well established across a wide variety of academic disciplines. Political scientists and economists have developed a literature discussing the various forms police forces take and their positions within certain regime types. Separate from theory regarding democratization and security, like Sklansky’s (2005) work , a great deal of scholarly papers have been written regarding riots and civil disruption. For example, Gunning (1972)Read MoreSocial Media Activism, Centered On Police Brutality1180 Words   |  5 Pages Has Social Media Activism, Centered On Police Brutality in African-American Communities Producing Sustainable Change? Simona M. Young University of Southern California Over the last year, the media has done an excellent job in bringing national exposure to the culture of police brutality within African-American communities. Fortunately, social media – alongside the growing accessibility to smartphones – has assisted in bringing these intentional violations to the forefront ofRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex And Police Brutality Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review Over the last few years the hashtag Black Lives Matter has become a hot topic. This organization is trying to bring awareness to the issues that people of color face. They are also trying to bring â€Å"real† equality to people of color. Many non-people of color feel like black people are no longer oppressed. I plan to delve into systematic racism and how it is a real issue. I will be looking into the prison industrial complex, and police brutality examining how it relates back to slaveryRead MorePolice Misconduct And The Police Subculture Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesPolice Misconduct and the Police Subculture Police misconduct has remained a serious problem since the beginning of policing. Police officers have grant especial power that if not use in an ethical way can end in police misconduct. Police officers are the ones who are supposed to protect and serve the communities, so it is horrible to know that some officers engage in misconduct behaviors that are hampering the trust and confidence that people in society have on them. Some police officers do not